Ghana Agro-Ecological Seasons

Ghana crop calendar 2025–2026.

Ghana's farming calendar is shaped by two rainy seasons — the major rains (April–July) and the minor rains (September–November) — with significant variation between the forest zone (Ashanti, Eastern, Western, Central) and the savanna zone (Bono, Northern, Upper East, Upper West). Getting timing right is the single biggest factor in yield.

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Major rains. Minor rains. Dry season.

Major rainy season (March–July): The primary planting window for most of Ghana. In the forest zone, rains begin in March–April. In the savanna zone (Bono, Northern), onset is later — April to May. This is the main season for maize Season 1, yam, soybean, groundnut, cowpea, rice, tomato, and most vegetables. Tree crops (cocoa, cashew, mango) are not planted by season but benefit most from major rains for fruit development.

Minor rainy season (September–November): A second planting window in the forest and transition zones. Maize Season 2, cowpea, groundnut, and some vegetables can be planted in September for harvest before December. The savanna zone typically has only one reliable rainy season — farmers there should focus on maximising the major season rather than risking a late planting.

Dry season (November–March): The period for tree crop maintenance (pruning, fertiliser application post-harvest), irrigation farming in areas with water access, onion and pepper cultivation in northern Ghana, and cashew flowering and early fruit development (January–March in Bono Region).

When to plant. When to harvest.

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Maize
Season 1: Plant March–April (forest), April–May (savanna). Harvest July–August. Season 2: Plant August–September (forest only). Harvest November–December. 90–110 day variety recommended.
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Cassava
Plant April–June at onset of rains. Harvest 9–12 months later (January–June following year). Can remain in ground up to 24 months. Drought tolerant — good for late planting.
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Yam
Plant November–January (mound preparation) for April–May emergence. Harvest August–November. Requires 8–10 months. Needs well-drained, ridged soil. Forest and transition zones best.
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Rice
Upland rice: plant May–June, harvest September–October. Swamp/lowland rice: plant May–July with water management. 90–120 day varieties. CSIR Jasmine 85 and ARICA varieties recommended.
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Soybean
Plant April–May (major season) or August (minor season in forest zone). Harvest 90–100 days later. Rhizobium inoculant at planting improves nitrogen fixation significantly.
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Groundnut
Plant April–May (savanna) or August (forest zone Season 2). Harvest 90–120 days later. Groundnut needs well-drained sandy loam. Avoid waterlogged areas — causes Aspergillus and aflatoxin.
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Cocoa
Main crop harvest: October–February. Light crop (mid-crop): May–August. Pruning: immediately after main crop. Fertiliser: NPK + Zinc applied April–June. Pod counting for yield forecasting: August–September.
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Cashew
Flowering: December–January (Bono Region). Harvest: February–May. Nut picking: March–May peak. Fertiliser: NPK once per year after harvest (June–July). Pruning: June–August.
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Mango
Flowering induced by dry season stress: December–January. Fruit development: January–April. Harvest: March–May depending on variety. Kent and Palmer: May. Fertiliser after harvest: June–July.

Your calendar. Your crops. Your region.

The static calendar above gives you the general framework. Inside Seneroy AI, the crop calendar is dynamic — it knows which crops you are growing, your GPS location, and the current date, and it generates a personalised task list for today, this week, and this month.

Lena AI integrates live weather forecasts into calendar recommendations. If the major rains arrive two weeks late this season (which happens frequently in northern Ghana), Lena will adjust planting recommendations accordingly rather than following a fixed calendar date that no longer applies.

The calendar also covers livestock and fish — vaccination schedules, deworming windows, feed adjustment periods, and brooding season management for poultry — all synced with Ghana's agricultural seasons and the specific production cycles for each species.

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